when considering the spelling of a word in Thai, the consonant class influences the tone of the word. There are three consonant classes: low, mid, and high.
The mid class consonants are:
ก, จ, ฎ, ฏ, ด, ต, บ, ป, อ
You will need to memorize this list. The MCC are the only consonants that can achieve all five Thai tones. In the following rules I won’t go over every letter, but the rules apply to any of the MCC.
1. If a MCC has a live (or no) ending consonant, and no tone mark, the tone is mid.
กา
ดาว
กลาง
ใบ
ใจ
ไป
จาน
ตาม
2. If a MCC has a อ้ tone mark, with or without a dead consonant, the tone is falling.
เจ้า
ได้
บ้า
ใต้
จ้า
3. If a MCC has a อ่ tone mark, and/or has a dead ending consonant, the tone is low. This is the same for a HCC.
จาก
ปาบ
บาท
จ่า
ไก่
อย่าง
อยู่
อย่า
อยาก
เด็ก
Notice the last four examples. The อ is silent, and only exists to modify the tone of the word. Without the อ, each of those four words would have had a falling tone.
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